Carbon monoxide poisoning

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Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas which has no taste or smell making it difficult to detect. If carbon monoxide is inhaled in large quantities it can quickly be fatal as can small quantities over an extended time.

Carbon monoxide detectors should be installed in the home and workplace.

Common appliances used for heating and cooking can produce carbon monoxide if they are not installed properly, are faulty, or are poorly maintained, for example:

  • Gas boilers
  • Gas cookers
  • Gas or paraffin heaters
  • Wood, gas and coal fires
  • Portable generators

Turning on engines in an enclosed space can also cause a build-up of carbon monoxide.

A casualty who has inhaled fumes is likely to have low levels of oxygen in their tissues (hypoxia) and will need urgent medical attention.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning

Symptoms of mild to moderate carbon monoxide poisoning might resemble the flu and can include:

  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Weakness or fatigue
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Shortness of breath
  • Confusion
  • Blurred vision

More severe poisoning can result in symptoms like:

  • Unresponsiveness
  • Chest pain
  • Poor coordination, difficulty walking
  • Seizures
  • Shortness of breath
  • Low blood pressure
  • Cardiac complications

In the most severe cases it can cause death.

First aid treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning

Here are the steps to take if you suspect someone may be suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning:

Move the person to fresh air immediately: If it’s safe to do so move the person into fresh air. If they’re unresponsive, ensure their airway is clear.

Call emergency services: Dial 999 or 112. Advise them that you suspect carbon monoxide poisoning.

Begin CPR if needed: If the person is unresponsive and not breathing, start CPR.

Wait for medical help to arrive: Don’t re-enter the contaminated area, even if the person’s condition seems to improve in fresh air. Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning can reappear or worsen after initial improvement.

Prevention is key

The best first aid for carbon monoxide poisoning is prevention. Install carbon monoxide detectors in your workplace and home, particularly near sleeping areas. Make sure that all fuel-burning appliances are properly vented and maintained. Be aware of potential carbon monoxide sources when using generators or heating devices in enclosed spaces.