General recognition of poisoning
The signs and symptoms of poisoning can vary depending on the substance involved, the amount ingested, and other factors such as the individual’s age and health. Some general signs and symptoms that may indicate poisoning include:
Gastrointestinal symptoms:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
- Abdominal pain or cramping
Neurological symptoms:
- Headache
- Dizziness or vertigo
- Confusion or altered mental status
- Seizures
- Weakness or paralysis
Respiratory symptoms:
- Shortness of breath
- Coughing or choking
- Wheezing or difficulty breathing
Cardiovascular symptoms:
- Chest pain
- Irregular heartbeat or palpitations
- Low or high blood pressure
Dermatological symptoms:
- Rash or redness
- Itching
- Swelling
- Burns or blisters (especially around the mouth and lips)
Ocular symptoms:
- Red or watery eyes
- Blurred vision
- Eye pain
General systemic symptoms:
- Sweating or fever
- Fatigue or lethargy
- Muscle pain or cramps
- Unusual thirst or dry mouth
Behavioural changes:
- Restlessness or agitation
- Drowsiness or unresponsiveness
Other signs:
- Unusual smell on breath, skin, or clothing (e.g. chemical odour)
- Evidence of the substance around (e.g. empty pill bottles, chemical containers)
- Vomit or stains that may indicate poisoning
In children:
- Unexplained sudden illness
- Drooling or difficulty swallowing