Hypovolaemic shock
Hypovolaemic shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the circulatory system fails and the body isn’t getting enough oxygen to the vital organs such as the brain and heart.
This type of shock should not be confused with the emotional response of feeling shocked which can also occur after an accident.
Hypovolaemic shock is usually the result of severe blood loss but can be caused by anything that reduces the flow of blood such as the loss of body fluids from severe vomiting, diarrhoea or sweating, dehydration or severe burns.
Signs and/or symptoms
In the case of a serious injury or illness it is important to look out for signs of hypovolaemic shock which include:
- Grey/blue skin
- Cold and clammy skin
- Sweating
- Rapid, shallow breathing
- Rapid, weak pulse
- Weakness and dizziness
- Feeling sick and possibly vomiting
- Thirst
- Yawning
- Gasping for air
The casualty could also become unresponsive in the latter stages of shock.
Treatment
- Treat any obvious injuries such as bleeding or burns
- Give them comfort and reassurance
- Lay them down on their back if their injuries allow you to, raising and supporting their legs if possible
- Call 999/112 and ask for an ambulance
- Loosen any tight clothing to make sure it doesn’t constrict blood flow
- Keep them warm by covering with a coat or blanket but not a direct heat source such as a hot water bottle
- Do not give them anything to eat or drink
- Monitor their airway and response levels – if they stop breathing begin CPR immediately and call the emergency services to update them
